Module 3R
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Welcome !
Module 3R
Draize test replacement
Sensitization in-vitro?
Pain
Tox receptor
Implementation of the 3Rs
Pyrogen test in vitro
Replacement
Receptor modeling
3R-Bologna declaration
Authors
Continuing Education
Contact
Content
Frank Straube
The Draize test and its replacement and validation
Today the Draize test is only carried out with substances that in vitro, show no effects. The pre-validation study that is introduced here is an attempt to completely replace the Draize Test. It should also be seen as an example of the required procedure, for the introduction of new tests, in the area of toxicity testing.
Pierre Aeby
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) - Sensitization in vitro?
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. It is induced by small reactive chemicals (haptens). In pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, it is mandatory to identify chemicals that are potential ACD inducers before they become part of a new product.
Paul Flecknell
Recognising post-operative pain in animals.
If we cannot assess how much pain is present after surgery, we cannot assess whether animals need analgesics, nor can we assess if treatment has been effective. This short introduction into pain recognition in different species should enable you to be aware of the situation.
Angelo Vedani
3-D Tox receptor database in the internet
The aim of the foundation Biographic Laboratory 3R is the creation of a virtual laboratory in the internet, for the computer supported evaluation, of unwanted effects, which can be caused by drugs, chemicals and metabolites.
Peter Maier
The realisation of the 3R will take place in the laboratory
From a legal text to a test strategy, a scientifically founded procedure. Concrete examples demonstrate this process.
Stefanie Schindler
A new in vitro pyrogen test (IPT)
Parenteral drugs are forbidden to contain any pyrogenic (fever inducing) substances. For this reason every lot of a parenteral drug has to be tested on pyrogens, before it is released into the market. A new in vitro pyrogen test developed at the University of Constance (Germany) has has a good chance of being recognised by the registration authorities, as a fully-fledged pyrogen test.
Peter Maier
Replace and Replacement
A replacement method can seldom directly replace animal testing. However one or multiple replacement methods in combination, already provide so much information, that the findings from the animal testing are no longer necessary.
Angelo Vedani
Receptor modeling: a virtual approximation of reality
How can the interaction between active ingredients (pharmaceutical or toxic) and receptors be mathematically determined? What is a virtual receptor? Molecular modeling? Never heard of it? And how can animals be saved in this way? In this module everything will be explained.
Thomas Rechsteiner
The 3R Declaration of Bologna
In 1999 the third «World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences» was held in Bologna. On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the publication of the study «The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique» and to confirm the guidelines outlined in that study, the congress accepted the «Declaration of Bologna» on August 31st 1999.