Module 3R    3R-Bologna declaration Author: Thomas Rechsteiner
The 3R Declaration of Bologna A A A
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Module 3R
Draize test replacement
Sensitization in-vitro?
Pain
Tox receptor
Implementation of the 3Rs
Pyrogen test in vitro
Replacement
Receptor modeling
3R-Bologna declaration
Good science
The 3Rs
No option
Regulation
Sine qua non
Good
Better
Even better
The best
Teaching the 3Rs
Authors
Continuing Education
Contact
In 1999 the third «World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences» was held in Bologna. On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the publication of the study «The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique» and to confirm the guidelines outlined in that study, the congress accepted the «Declaration of Bologna» on August 31st 1999.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Good science is humane science
The Bologna declaration is the fruit of nearly 50 years of worldwide cooperation between science and administration. The central idea is that good science is always humane science.
How can animal testing be made more humane?
On the basis of a critical review of animal testing protocols Russell and Burch proposed their famous three R’s: Replace, Refine, Reduce.
Animal testing is no option
The pressure of the general public and the shaping of opinions inside the scientific community have resulted in the situation, that today the 3R-principles are widespread.
From theory to practise
Since the eighties, the theme of ethics in animal testing has also been taken seriously from the legislative side. In many European countries and in the USA the 3R principles are at least partially legally anchored.
The most important things first
The first section of the conclusions and recommendations, includes the most important requirements for putting the 3R ideas into practice.
The same result with fewer animals
The paragraphs 7 to 10 include recommendations as to how the numbers of sensitive animals in animal experiments can be minimised (reduce), without putting the results in question.
Reduce animal distress
The paragraphs 11 to 14 describe how animal suffering can be reduced and how animal experiments can thereby be improved in the sense of the 3R principles.
Use existing replacement alternatives
In the paragraphs 15 to 20 concrete possibilities for the replacement of animal experiments are listed. The majority of these replacement alternatives are already known, but their use should be expanded.
Invent new and recommend old replacement alternatives
In points 17 to 20 we can see listed, what state and private institutions can contribute, in enabling new replacement methods to be developed and that those already available are used.
Practise makes perfect
The last three paragraphs sketch the contributions, that can be made by people who are responsible for teaching and training persons involved in animal testing.